Balagtasan is a traditional Filipino form of debate in verse, named after the poet Francisco Balagtas. It involves two speakers who present opposing viewpoints on a specific topic, using poetic language and rhetorical devices to persuade the audience. The event is often held during cultural celebrations and showcases the participants' creativity and wit. Judges or the audience typically determine the winner based on the strength of arguments, delivery, and overall performance, making it a vibrant and engaging art form in Philippine literature.