The Baikal ecosystem is centered around Lake Baikal, the world's deepest and oldest freshwater lake, located in Siberia, Russia. This unique ecosystem supports a diverse range of flora and fauna, including over 1,700 species of plants and animals, two-thirds of which can be found nowhere else on Earth. Notable species include the Baikal seal and various endemic fish, such as the Baikal omul. The lake's clear waters and unique geological features contribute to its rich biodiversity. The surrounding area is home to diverse habitats, including forests, wetlands, and steppe, which support various wildlife, including brown bears and Siberian cranes. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect this fragile ecosystem from threats like pollution and climate change.