Bacterial transformation is a process where bacteria take up foreign DNA from their environment and incorporate it into their own genetic material. This can occur naturally when bacteria die and release their DNA, which can then be absorbed by nearby living bacteria. The new genetic information can provide the bacteria with advantageous traits, such as antibiotic resistance. This process is significant in molecular biology and genetic engineering. Scientists can use bacterial transformation to introduce specific genes into bacteria, allowing for the production of proteins, such as insulin. This technique is essential for research and the development of medical treatments.