Bacterial toxins are harmful substances produced by bacteria that can damage host cells and disrupt normal biological functions. These toxins can be classified into two main types: exotoxins, which are secreted by living bacteria, and endotoxins, which are components of the bacterial cell wall released when bacteria die. Exotoxins often target specific tissues and can cause severe diseases, such as botulism and diphtheria. In contrast, endotoxins typically trigger a strong immune response and can lead to symptoms like fever and inflammation. Understanding these toxins is crucial for developing treatments and vaccines against bacterial infections.