Bacterial studies involve the examination of bacteria, which are microscopic single-celled organisms found in various environments. Researchers investigate their structure, function, and behavior to understand their roles in ecosystems, human health, and disease. These studies can help identify beneficial bacteria, such as those used in probiotics, as well as harmful strains that cause infections. Techniques used in bacterial studies include culturing, where bacteria are grown in controlled conditions, and microscopy, which allows scientists to observe their shapes and arrangements. Molecular methods, like DNA sequencing, are also employed to analyze genetic material, providing insights into bacterial evolution and resistance to antibiotics.