Bacterial reproduction primarily occurs through a process called binary fission. In this method, a single bacterium grows in size and then divides into two identical daughter cells. This process allows bacteria to reproduce rapidly, often doubling their population in a short period. During binary fission, the bacterial DNA is replicated, and the cell's contents are divided between the two new cells. Each daughter cell receives a copy of the original DNA, ensuring genetic continuity. This simple and efficient method of reproduction is a key factor in the adaptability and survival of bacteria in various environments.