Bacterial physiology is the study of how bacteria function and survive. It involves understanding their cellular structures, metabolism, and growth processes. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can thrive in various environments, utilizing different energy sources, such as organic compounds or sunlight, to sustain themselves. Key aspects of bacterial physiology include their ability to reproduce rapidly through binary fission and their diverse metabolic pathways. Some bacteria are beneficial, aiding in processes like digestion, while others can cause diseases. Understanding bacterial physiology is crucial for fields like medicine and biotechnology, where it helps in developing antibiotics and other treatments.