Bacterial motility refers to the ability of bacteria to move independently in their environment. This movement is primarily achieved through structures called flagella, which are long, whip-like appendages that rotate to propel the bacteria forward. Some bacteria also use pili or cilia for movement, while others can move by a process called gliding. The mechanisms of bacterial motility are crucial for various functions, including finding nutrients, escaping harmful substances, and colonizing surfaces. Different species exhibit unique motility patterns, which can influence their survival and interaction with other organisms in their ecosystems.