The Babylonian religion was a polytheistic belief system practiced in ancient Mesopotamia, centered around a pantheon of gods and goddesses. Key deities included Marduk, the chief god, and Ishtar, the goddess of love and war. Temples, known as ziggurats, were built to honor these gods, and rituals often involved offerings and prayers to seek favor and protection. Mythology played a significant role in Babylonian religion, with stories explaining the creation of the world and the relationship between gods and humans. The famous Epic of Gilgamesh is one such narrative that reflects their beliefs about life, death, and the quest for immortality.