Babylonian astronomy was a sophisticated system developed by the ancient Babylonians around 2000 BCE. They meticulously observed the night sky, tracking the movements of celestial bodies like the Moon, Sun, and planets. Their records included detailed star catalogs and predictions of celestial events, which were crucial for agriculture and religious practices. The Babylonians created a sexagesimal (base-60) number system, which influenced their methods of measuring time and angles. They divided the day into 24 hours and the hour into 60 minutes, laying the groundwork for modern timekeeping. Their contributions significantly advanced the understanding of astronomy in the ancient world.