B-cell activation is a crucial process in the immune system that enables B-cells to respond to pathogens. When a B-cell encounters an antigen, it binds to it through specific receptors on its surface. This binding triggers the B-cell to become activated, often requiring help from T-helper cells. Once activated, B-cells undergo proliferation and differentiation. They can transform into plasma cells, which produce antibodies that target the specific antigen. Additionally, some activated B-cells become memory cells, providing long-term immunity by remembering the antigen for future encounters.