B-Raf is a protein that plays a crucial role in cell signaling, particularly in the MAPK/ERK pathway, which helps regulate cell growth and division. It is encoded by the BRAF gene, and mutations in this gene can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, contributing to the development of certain cancers, including melanoma. The most common mutation in B-Raf is known as BRAF V600E, which is found in a significant percentage of melanoma cases. Targeted therapies, such as BRAF inhibitors, have been developed to specifically treat cancers with this mutation, improving outcomes for patients with BRAF-related tumors.