The equation "Ax = b" is a fundamental concept in linear algebra, where "A" represents a matrix, "x" is a vector of variables, and "b" is a result vector. This equation expresses a system of linear equations, where the matrix "A" contains coefficients that relate the variables in "x" to the outcomes in "b". To solve "Ax = b", one seeks to find the vector "x" that satisfies the equation. This can involve various methods, such as Gaussian elimination or matrix inversion, depending on the properties of the matrix "A". The solutions can represent unique, infinite, or no solutions based on the system's characteristics.