Avant-garde refers to innovative and experimental ideas in art, culture, and society that challenge traditional norms and conventions. It often seeks to push boundaries and explore new forms of expression, making it a significant movement in various fields, including literature, visual arts, and music. The term originated from the French military, meaning "advance guard," and was adopted in the 19th century to describe artists and thinkers who were ahead of their time. Notable avant-garde movements include Dadaism, Surrealism, and Futurism, each contributing to the evolution of modern art and thought.