The Autonomous Region of Bougainville is a region located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, part of Papua New Guinea. It comprises the main island of Bougainville and several smaller islands. Bougainville has a unique cultural identity, with diverse languages and traditions, and is known for its rich natural resources, including copper and gold. In 2001, Bougainville gained autonomy following a decade-long conflict known as the Bougainville Civil War. The region has its own government and is working towards greater self-determination. In 2019, a referendum was held, where the majority of voters chose independence from Papua New Guinea, although the process is ongoing.