The European Train Control System (ETCS) is a signaling and control system designed to enhance the safety and efficiency of train operations across Europe. It standardizes train control systems, allowing trains to operate seamlessly across different countries and rail networks. ETCS helps prevent collisions and ensures trains maintain safe speeds by providing real-time information to train drivers. ETCS is part of the broader European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), which aims to improve interoperability among European railways. By implementing ETCS, rail operators can reduce costs, increase capacity, and enhance the overall reliability of train services across the continent.