Automated Train Operation (ATO) refers to the technology that allows trains to run with minimal human intervention. ATO systems can control various aspects of train movement, including acceleration, braking, and stopping at stations. This technology enhances safety, efficiency, and punctuality in train services. Many modern urban transit systems, such as subways and light rail, utilize ATO to improve service reliability. ATO can operate in different levels of automation, from assisting human operators to fully autonomous trains. This innovation is part of a broader trend towards smart transportation solutions in the rail industry.