Automated Theorem Proving is a branch of computer science and mathematical logic that focuses on using algorithms and software to prove mathematical theorems automatically. It involves creating systems that can take formal statements and derive conclusions based on logical reasoning without human intervention. These systems often utilize techniques from artificial intelligence and formal verification to explore possible proofs. They can be applied in various fields, including software engineering, cryptography, and artificial intelligence, to ensure the correctness of algorithms and systems by verifying that certain properties hold true.