Model Checking is a formal verification technique used in computer science to ensure that a system's design meets specified requirements. It involves creating a mathematical model of the system and systematically exploring its states to verify properties, such as safety and liveness. This process helps identify errors in the design before implementation. The technique is particularly useful in fields like hardware design and software engineering, where complex systems can have numerous states. By using automated tools, engineers can efficiently check for potential issues, ensuring that the final product behaves as intended and adheres to its specifications.