Austrian history is marked by its central role in European politics and culture. The region was part of the Holy Roman Empire for centuries and became a significant power under the Habsburg dynasty. In the 19th century, Austria was a leading force in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which included many diverse ethnic groups. After World War I, the empire dissolved, and Austria became a republic. The country faced economic challenges and political instability, leading to the rise of Nazism in the 1930s. Following World War II, Austria was occupied by the Allies and eventually regained its independence, becoming a neutral country in 1955.