Ativan is a prescription medication that belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. It is primarily used to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, and certain types of seizures. The active ingredient in Ativan is lorazepam, which works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter in the brain called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This helps to produce a calming effect on the nervous system. Ativan is typically taken orally in tablet form, but it can also be administered as an injection in a medical setting. While it can be effective for short-term use, it may lead to dependence if used for extended periods. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion. It is important to follow a healthcare provider's instructions when using Ativan.