An asylum seeker is a person who flees their home country due to fear of persecution based on factors like race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. They seek protection in another country, hoping to be recognized as a refugee under international law. To become a recognized refugee, an asylum seeker must apply for asylum in the host country. This process often involves interviews and legal assessments to determine the validity of their claims. If granted asylum, they can stay in the new country and may eventually gain permanent residency or citizenship.