Astronomical instrumentation refers to the tools and devices used by astronomers to observe and study celestial objects. These instruments include telescopes, which gather light from distant stars and galaxies, and detectors that convert this light into data. Other tools, like spectrometers, analyze the light's spectrum to reveal the composition and movement of celestial bodies. Advancements in technology have led to the development of sophisticated instruments, such as radio telescopes and space-based observatories like the Hubble Space Telescope. These innovations allow astronomers to explore the universe in greater detail, enhancing our understanding of phenomena like black holes and exoplanets.