Astrodynamics is the study of the motion of objects in space, particularly the trajectories of spacecraft and celestial bodies. It combines principles from physics, mathematics, and engineering to predict and analyze the paths of these objects as they move under the influence of gravitational forces and other factors. This field is essential for mission planning and execution in space exploration, allowing scientists and engineers to calculate orbits, launch windows, and rendezvous maneuvers. Key concepts include orbital elements, gravity assists, and transfer orbits, which help optimize the efficiency of space missions.