Asthma medications are primarily categorized into two types: controller medications and rescue medications. Controller medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids, are taken daily to reduce inflammation and prevent asthma symptoms. They help manage the condition over the long term. Rescue medications, like short-acting beta-agonists, are used for quick relief during an asthma attack. These medications work rapidly to open the airways and improve breathing. It's important for individuals with asthma to have both types of medications available to effectively manage their symptoms and maintain a good quality of life.