Association neurons, also known as interneurons, are a type of neuron that connect other neurons within the central nervous system. They play a crucial role in processing information by integrating signals from sensory neurons and relaying them to motor neurons. This allows for complex reflexes and coordination of movements. These neurons are primarily found in the brain and spinal cord, where they facilitate communication between different regions. By forming networks, association neurons help in functions such as learning, memory, and decision-making, making them essential for cognitive processes in organisms, including humans and other mammals.