The Artaxiad dynasty was a royal family that ruled over the ancient kingdom of Armenia from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE. Founded by Artaxias I, the dynasty played a significant role in establishing Armenia as a powerful state in the region. The Artaxiads expanded their territory and influence, often engaging in conflicts with neighboring powers like the Parthian Empire and the Roman Republic. During its reign, the Artaxiad dynasty fostered a rich cultural environment, promoting the arts and trade. The dynasty is known for its contributions to Armenian identity and governance, with notable kings such as Tigranes the Great, who significantly expanded the kingdom's borders. The dynasty eventually declined due to internal strife and external pressures, leading to its fall in the 1st century CE.