Array programming is a programming paradigm that focuses on the manipulation of arrays, which are collections of elements, typically of the same data type. This approach allows for efficient data processing and mathematical operations by applying functions to entire arrays rather than individual elements. Languages like NumPy in Python and MATLAB are popular for array programming due to their built-in support for array operations. In array programming, operations such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication can be performed on entire arrays simultaneously, which enhances performance and simplifies code. This method is particularly useful in fields like data analysis, machine learning, and scientific computing, where large datasets are common and require efficient processing techniques.