Arphaxad is a biblical figure mentioned in the Book of Genesis as one of the sons of Shem, who was one of the sons of Noah. He is considered an important ancestor in the genealogies of the Hebrew Bible, particularly in the lineage leading to Abraham. According to the genealogies, Arphaxad lived for 438 years and had a son named Shelah. His descendants are believed to have settled in regions that contributed to the formation of various ancient cultures, making him a significant figure in the study of biblical ancestry and history.