The "Lineage of Shem" refers to the descendants of Shem, one of the three sons of Noah in the Bible. According to the Book of Genesis, Shem's lineage is significant as it includes many important figures, such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who are central to the Hebrew Bible and the Abrahamic religions. Shem's descendants are often associated with the Semitic peoples, which include the Hebrews, Arabs, and Assyrians. The genealogy of Shem is detailed in Genesis 10 and 11, highlighting the spread of his descendants across various regions and their role in the early history of humanity.