Arno Penzias is an American physicist best known for his groundbreaking work in astrophysics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978 for his discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided strong evidence for the Big Bang theory. Penzias and his colleague, Robert Wilson, stumbled upon this radiation while working on a communication satellite project. Penzias was born in 1933 in New York City and later earned his Ph.D. from Columbia University. His research has significantly advanced our understanding of the universe's origins and structure. Today, Penzias is recognized as a key figure in modern cosmology and continues to inspire future generations of scientists.