Arithmetic Logic refers to the branch of mathematics and computer science that deals with the manipulation of numbers and logical operations. It combines basic arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, with logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT. This combination allows for the processing and evaluation of numerical data in various applications, including computer programming and digital circuit design. In computing, Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs) are essential components that perform these operations. They take binary inputs, execute arithmetic and logical functions, and produce outputs that are crucial for tasks ranging from simple calculations to complex algorithms.