The Arctic region is characterized by its cold climate, vast ice sheets, and unique landforms. It includes the Arctic Ocean, surrounded by landmasses such as Greenland, Canada, Russia, and parts of Norway and Alaska. The geography features tundra, glaciers, and icebergs, with permafrost covering much of the land. The Arctic is home to various ecosystems, supporting wildlife like polar bears, seals, and migratory birds. The region experiences extreme seasonal variations, with long, dark winters and short, bright summers. The melting ice due to climate change is reshaping the Arctic landscape and affecting global sea levels.