The Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) is a U.S. law enacted in 1979 to safeguard archaeological sites on federal and Native American lands. It aims to prevent the unauthorized excavation, removal, or damage of archaeological resources, which include artifacts, structures, and other items of historical significance. Violations of ARPA can result in criminal penalties and fines. ARPA also promotes the responsible management of archaeological resources by encouraging cooperation between federal agencies, Native American tribes, and the public. The act establishes a permitting system for archaeological excavations, ensuring that research is conducted ethically and that findings are preserved for future generations.