The Arabic numeral system is a widely used numerical system that consists of ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. This system is based on place value, meaning the position of a digit affects its value. For example, in the number 345, the 3 represents three hundreds, the 4 represents four tens, and the 5 represents five units. Originally developed by Indian mathematicians, the Arabic numeral system was later transmitted to the Islamic world and then to Europe, where it replaced the Roman numeral system. Its efficiency and simplicity have made it the standard for mathematics and commerce globally.