Application vulnerabilities are weaknesses or flaws in software applications that can be exploited by attackers. These vulnerabilities can arise from coding errors, misconfigurations, or inadequate security measures. When exploited, they can lead to unauthorized access, data breaches, or other malicious activities. Common types of application vulnerabilities include SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and buffer overflows. Developers and organizations must regularly test and update their applications to identify and fix these vulnerabilities, ensuring the security and integrity of their systems and user data.