Antimicrobial coatings are specialized surfaces designed to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These coatings can be applied to various materials, including metals, plastics, and textiles, to enhance hygiene and reduce the risk of infections in settings like hospitals, kitchens, and public spaces. The effectiveness of antimicrobial coatings often relies on active agents, such as silver ions or copper, which disrupt microbial cell functions. By creating a protective barrier, these coatings not only help maintain cleanliness but also extend the lifespan of products by preventing degradation caused by microbial activity.