Antimicrobials are substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. They are commonly used in medicine to treat infections and in various industries to prevent contamination. Antimicrobials can be natural, like penicillin, or synthetic, like ciprofloxacin. These agents work by targeting specific features of microorganisms, disrupting their functions or structures. For example, some antimicrobials damage the cell wall of bacteria, while others interfere with their ability to reproduce. Proper use of antimicrobials is essential to prevent resistance, which can make infections harder to treat.