Anti-Catholicism refers to prejudice, discrimination, or hostility directed against the Roman Catholic Church and its followers. This sentiment has historical roots, often arising from political, social, and religious conflicts. In various countries, particularly during the Reformation and in the United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries, anti-Catholic attitudes were fueled by fears of foreign influence and cultural differences. Throughout history, anti-Catholicism has manifested in various forms, including violence, propaganda, and legal restrictions. Notable examples include the Gunpowder Plot in England and the Know-Nothing Party in the U.S. These movements often portrayed Catholics as a threat to national identity and democracy, leading to widespread discrimination and social division.