Antenna radiation patterns illustrate how an antenna radiates energy in different directions. These patterns are typically represented in two dimensions, showing the strength of the signal at various angles. The main lobe indicates the direction of maximum radiation, while side lobes and back lobes represent weaker signals in other directions. Understanding these patterns is crucial for optimizing communication systems. For instance, a directional antenna focuses energy in a specific direction, enhancing signal strength in that area, while an omnidirectional antenna radiates equally in all directions, making it suitable for broader coverage.