Antarctic whaling refers to the hunting of whales in the waters surrounding Antarctica. This practice has a long history, particularly during the 20th century, when many species were heavily targeted for their oil and meat. The decline in whale populations led to international concern and the establishment of regulations to protect these marine mammals. In 1986, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) implemented a moratorium on commercial whaling in the Antarctic region. Despite this ban, some countries continue to conduct whaling under scientific research exemptions, leading to ongoing debates about the ethics and sustainability of whaling practices in these fragile ecosystems.