Ancient society refers to the social structures and cultures that existed thousands of years ago, often characterized by the development of agriculture, trade, and written language. Civilizations such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Indus Valley people established complex communities with distinct social hierarchies, religious practices, and governance systems. These societies relied on agriculture for sustenance, leading to the growth of cities and trade networks. Innovations like the wheel and writing facilitated communication and commerce. Ancient societies also made significant contributions to art, science, and philosophy, laying the groundwork for future civilizations.