Ancient societies refer to the early civilizations that developed thousands of years ago, such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Indus Valley people. These societies were characterized by the establishment of cities, written language, and complex social structures. They often engaged in agriculture, trade, and the creation of art and architecture, which reflected their beliefs and values. Many ancient societies were organized around powerful leaders or governments, often linked to religious practices. They built monumental structures like the Pyramids of Giza and the Ziggurats of Mesopotamia. These civilizations laid the foundation for modern culture, politics, and technology, influencing future generations.