The "Ancient Periods" refer to the early stages of human civilization, typically spanning from around 3000 BCE to 500 CE. This era includes significant developments in agriculture, writing, and urbanization, leading to the rise of complex societies. Notable civilizations such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Indus Valley emerged during this time, each contributing to advancements in technology, governance, and culture. During the Ancient Periods, major empires like the Roman Empire and the Persian Empire expanded their territories, influencing trade and cultural exchange. The period also saw the establishment of major religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism, which shaped the beliefs and practices of millions.