Ancient Indian empires, such as the Maurya Empire and the Gupta Empire, played a significant role in shaping the subcontinent's history. The Maurya Empire, founded by Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE, is known for its vast territory and the promotion of Buddhism under Ashoka. The Gupta Empire, which flourished from the 4th to 6th centuries CE, is often referred to as the "Golden Age" of India due to advancements in art, science, and literature. Notable figures from this period include the mathematician Aryabhata and the playwright Kalidasa, who contributed significantly to Indian culture.