Ancient Greek mathematics laid the foundation for many modern mathematical concepts. It flourished from around 600 BCE to 300 CE, with notable figures like Pythagoras, Euclid, and Archimedes. The Greeks emphasized logical reasoning and proof, leading to the development of geometry, number theory, and mathematical rigor. One of the most significant contributions was Euclid's work, Elements, which systematically compiled knowledge on geometry and established axiomatic methods. Additionally, Archimedes made advances in calculus and the understanding of areas and volumes, influencing future mathematicians and scientists. Their work remains influential in mathematics today.