Ancient economies refer to the systems of trade, production, and consumption that existed in early civilizations. These economies were often based on agriculture, with societies relying on farming and livestock for sustenance. Barter systems were common, where goods and services were exchanged directly without the use of money. In addition to agriculture, ancient economies included crafts and trade networks. Mesopotamia, for example, developed extensive trade routes that connected them to neighboring regions. Egypt relied on the Nile River for irrigation, which supported their agricultural economy. Overall, ancient economies laid the groundwork for modern economic systems.