Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) is the process of transforming continuous signals, like sound or light, into a digital format that computers can understand. This involves sampling the analog signal at specific intervals and quantifying its amplitude, resulting in a series of binary numbers that represent the original signal. ADC is essential in various applications, including audio recording, digital photography, and telecommunications. By converting analog signals into digital data, devices can process, store, and transmit information more efficiently, enabling technologies like smartphones and streaming services to function effectively.