The American Industrial Revolution was a period of significant economic and technological change in the United States, roughly from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century. It marked the transition from agrarian economies to industrialized ones, characterized by the rise of factories, mass production, and the use of machinery. Key innovations included the steam engine and the cotton gin, which transformed industries like textiles and agriculture. This revolution led to urbanization, as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of jobs. It also resulted in changes in labor practices, with the emergence of a wage-earning workforce. The railroad system expanded, facilitating trade and communication across the country.