American Independence refers to the formal separation of the thirteen American colonies from British rule. This movement began in the mid-18th century due to growing discontent over British taxes and laws, which the colonists felt were unfair. The situation escalated, leading to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775. On July 4, 1776, the colonies declared their independence by adopting the Declaration of Independence, primarily authored by Thomas Jefferson. This document outlined the colonies' grievances against King George III and asserted their right to self-governance. The war continued until 1783, when the Treaty of Paris officially recognized American independence.